What is the Armature Control Method of DC Motor?
In the case of shunt motor, the field circuit is directly connected across the applied voltage, hence there is no effect on magnetic flux due to variation of armature resistance. hence magnetic flux is constant.
Working of Armature Control of Speed of DC Motor
To explain the working of speed control of DC Motor by
armature control method. I shall use the relation between terminal voltage and
Back EMF along with armature resistance.
From the above-given circuit diagram of the DC Motor, On
applying Kirchoff Voltage Law
V = Eb + IaRa
Eb = V - IaRa ----------(1)
As we Know that EMF Induced in Armature which also called
back EMF is equal to Eb
Eb = (NPФZ)/60A
Where N =Speed of Rotor in RPM, P =Number of Pole,
Ф = Flux per Pole In Weber ,Z = Number of Conductor Per Pole, A = Parallel
Path
For a given Machine of Particular Rating, P, Ф
and Z are Constant hence the above equation can be written as
Eb =(PФZ/60A)N
Now from this equation (PФZ/60A) can be
replaced by new Constant k (Say) then above equation can be written as
Eb = kN
Now put this Value in equation (1)
kN = V - IaRa
N =( V - IaRa)/k
N ∝ (V - IaRa)
--------(2)
From equation (2) it is clear that Speed of Motor depends on Armature Current and Armature Resistance. If we increase the armature resistance then the Voltage drop across the armature resistance will increase and due to this (V - IaRa) will decrease and the speed of the motor will also decrease.
The drawback of the Resistance Control of DC Motor
- A large amount of electrical energy is wasted in external resistance.
- For a given value of external resistance the speed reduction is not constant, it varies with the external load.
- Control is limited to give speeds below normal and an increase of speed can not be obtained by this method.
- This method is suitable for small motors.
